Iliotibial Band: A thick, wide fascial layer that runs from the iliac crest to the knee joint on the outside of the thigh.
Inflammation: The body’s natural response to injury in which the injury site might display various degrees of pain, swelling, heat, redness and/or loss of function.
Isometric Contraction: Muscular contraction in which tension is developed but no mechanical work is done.
Labrum (Labrum Glenoidule): The cartilage of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder. A lip?edged or lip?like structure.
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Ligament of the knee along the outer aspect that connects the femur to the fibula. It provides lateral stability to the joint. Ligament: Band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and supports and strengthens joints.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Imaging procedure in which a radio frequency pulse causes certain electrical elements of the injured tissue to react to this pulse and through this process a computer display and permanent film establish a visual image. MRI does not require radiation and is very useful in the diagnosis of soft tissue, disc and meniscus injuries.
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Ligament of knee along the inner aspect that connects the femur to the tibia.
Meniscus: Crescent-shaped cartilage, usually pertaining to the knee joint; also known as cartilage. There are two menisci in the knee - medial and lateral. These work to absorb weight within the knee and provide stability.
Metacarpals: Five long bones of the hand, joining the fingers to the wrist.
Metatarsals: Five long bones of the foot, running from the ankle to the toes.
Myositis: Inflammation of a muscle.
Orthotic: Any device applied to or around the body of physical impairment of disability. Commonly used to control foot mechanics.
Osteochondritis Dessicans: A piece of bone and/or cartilage loosened from its attachment after trauma and a cause of a lesion.
Osteomyelitis: An inflammatory disease of bone caused usually by infection with streptococcus or staphylococcus bacteria.
Patella: The kneecap. The patella functions to protect the distal end of the femur as well as increase the mechanical advantage and force generating capacities of the quadriceps muscle group.
Plantar Fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar (a thick tissue on the bottom of the foot which helps create the arch) fascia; associated with overuse or acute foot injury.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): A primary stabilizing ligament of the knee that provides significant stability and prevents displacement of the tibia backward within the knee joint. A complete tear of this ligament necessitating reconstruction could require up to 12 months of rehabilitation.
Quadricep Muscles: A group of four muscles of the front thigh that run from the hip and form a common tendon at the patella; they are responsible for knee extension.
Radius: Bone in the forearm from elbow to the thumb side of the wrist.
Reconstruction: Surgical rebuilding of a joint using natural, artificial or transplanted materials.
Rotator Cuff: Comprised of four muscles in the shoulder area that can be irritated by overuse. The muscles are the supraspinatus (most commonly injured), infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis.
Sacroiliac: Junction of the sacrum, the lower back bone, with the pelvis.
Sacrum: Group of five fused vertebrae located just below the lumbar vertebrae of the lower back, which form part of the pelvis.
Scapula: Shoulder blade.
Sciatica: Irritation of the sciatic nerve resulting in pain or tingling running down the inside of the leg.
Sciatic Nerve: Major nerve that carries impulses for muscular action and sensations between the low back and thigh and lower leg; it is the longest nerve in the body.
Shin Splint: A catch?all syndrome describing pain in the shin that is not a fracture or tumor and cannot be defined otherwise.
Spleen: Large, solid organ responsible for the normal production and destruction of blood cells located under the left rib cage.
Spondylosis: Abnormal vertebral fixation or immobility.
Sprain: Injury resulting from the stretching or twisting of the joint and causes various degrees of stretching or tearing of a ligament or other soft tissue at the joint.
Strain: Injury resulting from a pulling or torsion to the muscle or tendon that causes various degrees of stretching or tearing to the muscle or tendon tissue.
Stress Fracture: A hair?line type of break in a bone. Caused by overuse.
Subluxation: Partial dislocation of a joint. The term usually implies that the joint can return to a normal position without formal reduction.
Synovial Fluid: Lubricating fluid for joints and tendons, produced in synovium, or the inner lining of a joint.
Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial lining of a joint.
Talus: The ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint.
Tarsals: Group of seven bones of the foot consisting of the calnavicular, talus, cuboid and three cuneiform bones.
Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendon and/or tendon sheath, caused by chronic overuse or sudden injury.
Tendon: Tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Tenosynovitis: Swelling or inflammation of a tendon sheath caused by calcium deposits, repeated strain or trauma.
Tibia: Shin bone; larger of the two bones of the lower leg and is the weight?bearing bone of the shin.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS): An electrical modality that sends a mild current through pads at the injury site which stimulates the brain to release the natural analgesic endorphin.
Transverse Process: Small lateral projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae that functions as an
attachment site for muscles and ligaments of the spine.
Triceps: Muscle of the back of the upper arm, primarily responsible for extending the elbow.
Ulna: Inner bone of the forearm that runs from the tip of the elbow to the little finger side of the wrist.
Ulnar Nerve: Nerve in the elbow commonly irritated from excessive throwing.
Ultrasound: An electrical modality that transmits a sound wave through an applicator into the skin to the soft tissue in order to heat the local area for relaxing the injured tissue and/or disperse edema.
“Wind Knocked Out”: Syndrome describing a contraction of the abdominal nerve truck, the solar plexus, as a result of an abdominal contusion.
Inflammation: The body’s natural response to injury in which the injury site might display various degrees of pain, swelling, heat, redness and/or loss of function.
Isometric Contraction: Muscular contraction in which tension is developed but no mechanical work is done.
Labrum (Labrum Glenoidule): The cartilage of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder. A lip?edged or lip?like structure.
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Ligament of the knee along the outer aspect that connects the femur to the fibula. It provides lateral stability to the joint. Ligament: Band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and supports and strengthens joints.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Imaging procedure in which a radio frequency pulse causes certain electrical elements of the injured tissue to react to this pulse and through this process a computer display and permanent film establish a visual image. MRI does not require radiation and is very useful in the diagnosis of soft tissue, disc and meniscus injuries.
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Ligament of knee along the inner aspect that connects the femur to the tibia.
Meniscus: Crescent-shaped cartilage, usually pertaining to the knee joint; also known as cartilage. There are two menisci in the knee - medial and lateral. These work to absorb weight within the knee and provide stability.
Metacarpals: Five long bones of the hand, joining the fingers to the wrist.
Metatarsals: Five long bones of the foot, running from the ankle to the toes.
Myositis: Inflammation of a muscle.
Orthotic: Any device applied to or around the body of physical impairment of disability. Commonly used to control foot mechanics.
Osteochondritis Dessicans: A piece of bone and/or cartilage loosened from its attachment after trauma and a cause of a lesion.
Osteomyelitis: An inflammatory disease of bone caused usually by infection with streptococcus or staphylococcus bacteria.
Patella: The kneecap. The patella functions to protect the distal end of the femur as well as increase the mechanical advantage and force generating capacities of the quadriceps muscle group.
Plantar Fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar (a thick tissue on the bottom of the foot which helps create the arch) fascia; associated with overuse or acute foot injury.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): A primary stabilizing ligament of the knee that provides significant stability and prevents displacement of the tibia backward within the knee joint. A complete tear of this ligament necessitating reconstruction could require up to 12 months of rehabilitation.
Quadricep Muscles: A group of four muscles of the front thigh that run from the hip and form a common tendon at the patella; they are responsible for knee extension.
Radius: Bone in the forearm from elbow to the thumb side of the wrist.
Reconstruction: Surgical rebuilding of a joint using natural, artificial or transplanted materials.
Rotator Cuff: Comprised of four muscles in the shoulder area that can be irritated by overuse. The muscles are the supraspinatus (most commonly injured), infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis.
Sacroiliac: Junction of the sacrum, the lower back bone, with the pelvis.
Sacrum: Group of five fused vertebrae located just below the lumbar vertebrae of the lower back, which form part of the pelvis.
Scapula: Shoulder blade.
Sciatica: Irritation of the sciatic nerve resulting in pain or tingling running down the inside of the leg.
Sciatic Nerve: Major nerve that carries impulses for muscular action and sensations between the low back and thigh and lower leg; it is the longest nerve in the body.
Shin Splint: A catch?all syndrome describing pain in the shin that is not a fracture or tumor and cannot be defined otherwise.
Spleen: Large, solid organ responsible for the normal production and destruction of blood cells located under the left rib cage.
Spondylosis: Abnormal vertebral fixation or immobility.
Sprain: Injury resulting from the stretching or twisting of the joint and causes various degrees of stretching or tearing of a ligament or other soft tissue at the joint.
Strain: Injury resulting from a pulling or torsion to the muscle or tendon that causes various degrees of stretching or tearing to the muscle or tendon tissue.
Stress Fracture: A hair?line type of break in a bone. Caused by overuse.
Subluxation: Partial dislocation of a joint. The term usually implies that the joint can return to a normal position without formal reduction.
Synovial Fluid: Lubricating fluid for joints and tendons, produced in synovium, or the inner lining of a joint.
Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial lining of a joint.
Talus: The ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint.
Tarsals: Group of seven bones of the foot consisting of the calnavicular, talus, cuboid and three cuneiform bones.
Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendon and/or tendon sheath, caused by chronic overuse or sudden injury.
Tendon: Tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Tenosynovitis: Swelling or inflammation of a tendon sheath caused by calcium deposits, repeated strain or trauma.
Tibia: Shin bone; larger of the two bones of the lower leg and is the weight?bearing bone of the shin.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS): An electrical modality that sends a mild current through pads at the injury site which stimulates the brain to release the natural analgesic endorphin.
Transverse Process: Small lateral projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae that functions as an
attachment site for muscles and ligaments of the spine.
Triceps: Muscle of the back of the upper arm, primarily responsible for extending the elbow.
Ulna: Inner bone of the forearm that runs from the tip of the elbow to the little finger side of the wrist.
Ulnar Nerve: Nerve in the elbow commonly irritated from excessive throwing.
Ultrasound: An electrical modality that transmits a sound wave through an applicator into the skin to the soft tissue in order to heat the local area for relaxing the injured tissue and/or disperse edema.
“Wind Knocked Out”: Syndrome describing a contraction of the abdominal nerve truck, the solar plexus, as a result of an abdominal contusion.
